The U.S. Manages Its National Debt
The United States, as the world’s largest economy, has a national debt that is closely watched by both domestic and international observers. Managing this debt is a complex and ongoing challenge that involves various strategies, political debates, and economic trade-offs. The U.S. national debt, which exceeds $31 trillion as of 2025, is often described in terms of public debt (money owed to external entities) and intragovernmental holdings (money owed to various government trust funds). The way the U.S. manages this debt has significant implications for its economy, global markets, and future fiscal policy. Understanding the National Debt National debt is the total amount of money the U.S. government owes as a result of borrowing to cover budget deficits. It is mainly accumulated through the issuance of Treasury securities —bonds, notes, and bills that are sold to investors (including foreign governments, banks, and individuals). The U.S. government borrows money because its spendi...