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The U.S. Manages Its National Debt

The United States, as the world’s largest economy, has a national debt that is closely watched by both domestic and international observers. Managing this debt is a complex and ongoing challenge that involves various strategies, political debates, and economic trade-offs. The U.S. national debt, which exceeds $31 trillion as of 2025, is often described in terms of public debt (money owed to external entities) and intragovernmental holdings (money owed to various government trust funds). The way the U.S. manages this debt has significant implications for its economy, global markets, and future fiscal policy. Understanding the National Debt National debt is the total amount of money the U.S. government owes as a result of borrowing to cover budget deficits. It is mainly accumulated through the issuance of Treasury securities —bonds, notes, and bills that are sold to investors (including foreign governments, banks, and individuals). The U.S. government borrows money because its spendi...

The U.S. Stance on Climate Change

Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing global challenges, and the United States, as one of the world’s largest emitters of greenhouse gases, plays a critical role in addressing this issue. Over the years, U.S. policies on climate change have undergone significant shifts, shaped by the political landscape, scientific findings, and public pressure. The stance of the United States on climate change continues to evolve, with efforts to balance environmental concerns with economic growth, national security, and global leadership. Early Years: Denial and Minimal Action For much of the late 20th century, climate change was a largely ignored issue in U.S. political discourse. Despite growing scientific consensus on the human impact on the environment, including the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the U.S. stance remained tepid. A key moment came in 1997 when the U.S. under President Bill Clinton signed the Kyoto Protocol, an international ...